English Grammar

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English Grammar

Irregular Verbs

Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle A arise arose arisen awake awoke/ awakened awoken B be was / were been bear bore born / borne be…

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Modal verbs

Can / Be Able To Listed below are examples and uses of can / could / be able to for ability and permission Examples Usage He can play tennis well.-She is able to speak five languages.-They can come on Friday.-Jack will be able to come next week. Use ‘can’ or ‘be able…

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Phrasal Verb Vocabulary

Making Arrangements Here is a list of some of the most common phrasal verbs for making arrangements. Each phrasal verb includes an explanation and example sentence. Preposition Phrasal Verb Example Sentence Explanation Notes on to be on Is the me…

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Prepositional Phrase Reference

Here is a reference sheet of some of the most common prepositional phrases arranged by preposition: AT BY FOR at first at least at most at times at any rate at last at the latest at once at short notice at an advantage at a disadvantage at…

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Prepositions + Nouns

BY -Use ‘by’ with the following nouns: to pay by check (credit card) -Example: I paid the bill by check.– to do something by accident -Example: I broke the vase by mistake.– to do something by mistake -Example: I’m afraid I brought the wrong book by mistake.– to do som…

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Verb Formation

The following chart shows the positive, negative and interrogative (question) forms of all the principle tenses in English with a brief description of the principle usage. This chart is principally for comparison purposes. TENSE POSITIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION USE…

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Summary of verb tenses

Present tenses-Simple present: She wantsa drink.-Present continuous: They are walkinghome. Past tenses-Simple past: Peter livedin China in 1965.-Past continuous: I was readingwhen she arrived. Perfect tenses-Present Perfect: I have livedhere since 1987.-Present perfect continuous: I have been…

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Offering Help

There are a number of formulas used when offering help in English. Here are some of the most common: May I help you? Can I help you? Are you looking for something? Would you like some help? Do you need some help? What can I do for you today? Construc…

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Saying ‘no’ nicely

Sometimes you need to say no when someone makes a suggestion, offers something or asks you to do something for them. Of course, saying just ‘no’ can be rather rude. Here are some of the most common ways to say ‘no’ nicely – or at least not rudely. Would you like to see a film tonight?-I’m a…

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Stating a Preference

Sometimes you need to state a preference when someone makes a suggestion, offers something or asks your opinion about what to do. Often people are asking for your opinion and you can state your preference freely, other times, people have made an offer and you need to state a preference politely if y…

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Asking for Information

There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common: Could you tell me…? Do you know…? Do you happen to know…? I’d like to know… Could you find out…? I’m interested in… I’m looking…

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British and American English

While there are certainly many more varieties of English, American and British English are the two varieties that are taught in most ESL/EFL programs. Generally, it is agreed that no one version is “correct” however, there are certainly preferences in use. The most important rule of thumb is to try…

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Contrasting Ideas

There are a number of formulas used when contrasting ideas in English. Here are some of the most common: We’d love to stay for dinner, but we have got to get going. They decided to stay in the area, in spite of their problems with the local residents. Despite the difficulties…

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Demanding Explanations

Sometimes, things happen that we would like explained and we must demand explanations. For example, if you have just bought a new computer and there is a problem, but the shop assistant says that the guaranty does not cover the problem. There are a number of formulas used when demanding explanations…

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Giving Advice

There are a number of formulas used when Giving Advice in English. Here are some of the most common: I don’t think you should work so hard. You ought to work less. You ought not to work so hard. If I were you, I’d work less. If I were in your position, I’d work l…

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Making Suggestions

There are a number of formulas used when making suggestions in English. Here are some of the most common: Why don’t you / we go to the movies tonight? You / we could visit New York while you’re / we’re there. Let’s go to the travel agent’s this afternoon to book our ticket…

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